Simón Bolívar
1783–1830 · Venezuelan · South American Wars of Independence
Known for: 'El Libertador'—liberated six South American nations through military genius and revolutionary vision
Simón Bolívar was the most important political and military figure in South American history—he liberated Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, and Bolivia (named after him) from Spanish rule. He crossed the Andes with an army—one of history's most grueling military operations—and defeated the Spanish through sheer willpower and tactical brilliance.
He was also a tragic figure. His vision of a united South American republic collapsed into civil wars and rival strongmen. He died at 47, broke and disillusioned, saying: 'Those who serve a revolution plough the sea.' He is the most revered figure in Latin American history.
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